C. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium)

This downy, aromatic, native species, with feathery leaves, has white or pink rays in the flowerheads, whose umbel-like clusters open from June. The plant is a powerful vulnerary, hence its name of Soldiers' Woundwort because they used to take a bunch into battle to treat wounds. Wounds were also bathed in yarrow decoction, which, if drunk, also improves the circulation and the complexion. When chewed, the leaves relieve toothache. Pick when the flowers are just opening and use the leaves or the whole plant. A tea may be made from the dried young leaves and flowers, which is a digestive tonic, blood purifier and perspirant. Yarrow leaf tea and flower tea or tincture relieve the symptoms of colds and flu and are taken for endometriosis, heart conditions, hives, menstrual problems, and sties. Yarrow was also used in love divinations and is the subject of several folk songs.

The leaves may be steamed as a vegetable, or eaten raw with salads, to which they impart a peppery taste. Their flavour also goes well in stocks, soups, sauces, stuffings and curries. It is very tasty in kedgeree and risotto dishes. A mixture of the leaves and flowers makes a good wine.