B. Centipedes (LITHOBIIDAE)

This family is one of the stone centipede families, and its members are important upper soil layer and leaf litter predators.

Centipede Information

Centipedes are carnivores and will therefore have habitat preferences based on where there is suitable prey. They are active hunters with long segmented bodies and one pair of jointed legs per body segment. They are gardeners’ friends, being important soil predators, inflicting painful, venomous bites on their prey through a pair of pincer-like appendages under the head. As they don’t have the waxy cuticle typical of insects and arachnids, which helps with water retention, they must stay in the moist microclimate under the ground. There are four different groups of centipedes in the UK, which differ slightly in their anatomy but each has a head bearing mouthparts, antennae, and sometimes eyes (in two of the groups only); a segment bearing the poisonous pincers; trunk segments bearing the legs; and terminal segments with genitalia. The number of segments and pairs of legs of the adult is valuable for identification, but the number may be less in immature individuals because centipedes, after hatching, go through a series of instar stages, with moulting, before reaching adult anatomy and colour. We have 47 native species of centipede in the UK, plus 7 introduced species, and 3 records of doubtful authenticity.